英语词法 之 形容词和副词的比较等级
今天我和大家分享一下形容词和副词的比较等级这个知识点,形容词和副词的比较等级在中高考及全国英语等级考试等各类考试中出现率比较高,因此这个知识点不能忽视。
一、形容词和副词的变化形式有原级、比较级和最高级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有三种形式:
1.单音节词尾加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级
e.g.old older oldest
fast faster fastest
注:以-e结尾的单音节词直接加 -r和–st;以辅音结尾且前边只有一个元音字母的,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er 和-est。
e.g.late later latest
hot hotter hottest
2.双音节词和多音节词的比较级和最高级
①以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节形容词,可变y 为i,再加-er或-est.
e.g.happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
②其他的双音节词及多音节词大都在前面加more 和most 构成比较级和最高 级。
e.g.beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
difficult more difficult most difficult
3.少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的
原级 比较级 最高级
good /well better best
many / much more most
little less least
bad / ill / badly worse worst
far farther / further farthest /furthest
old older / elder oldest / eldest
二、比较等级的用法
1.两者比较(甲=乙),用“as + 原级 + as” 表示。
e.g.Tom is as tall as Jack.
She could do as well as a man.
2.两者相比(甲﹤乙),用“not as / so + 原级 + as”表示。
e.g. I didn't do my homework so / as carefully as you.
She isn't as /so careful as you.
3.两者相比(甲﹥乙),用“比较级 + than”表示;(甲﹤乙)less than 表示。
e.g.Robert jumps much higher than any of the others.
Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.
4.注意在使用比较等级时被比较内容的对等性
e.g. 误:Her voice is as sweet as a bird.
正:Her voice is as sweet as that (=the voice ) of a bird.
5.“the + 比较级 + of + 比较对象”表示“...(两者之间)较...的那个”时,the不可去掉。
e.g.This one is the better of the two.
He is the taller of the two boys.
6.比较等级的一些特殊用法
① “more + 原级 + than …”表示“与其说。。。不如说。。。”
e.g.The girl was more frightened than hurt. 那姑娘的伤倒没什么,只是受了惊吓。
She is more shy than cold. 与其说她冷淡,倒不如说是害羞。
②形容词和副词的比较级可以被下列的词组修饰:much, far, still, even, a lot, a great deal,
rather, any, a little, a bit, too等。
e.g. It's much warmer today.
This problem is a lot more difficult than that one.
③用“比较级 + and + 比较级”来表示“越来越。。。”
e.g. The peasants in my hometown are becoming richer and richer.
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
④“the + 比较级。。。, the + 比较级。。。”表示“越。。。,越。。。”
e.g. The busier the old man is, the more you know.
The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.
三、最高级用于三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示,这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
e.g.Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
注:最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost等词语所修饰。
e.g.This hat is by far the biggest.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent, extreme, perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。